GESTÃO DO TURISMO EM ANGOLA: ENTRE A “VISÃO GLOBAL” E A “PROVA LOCAL”
Palavras-chave:
Turismo, Angola, Reforma Administrativa, Simplifica Turismo, Governação, Política PúblicaResumo
Este artigo, que teve lugar a partir duma investigação mais alargada sobre a gestão do turismo em Angola (iniciada em dezembro de 2024) e que estava a terminar a sua fase de desenvolvimento, foi oportunamente ajustado para incorporar uma análise do programa “Simplifica Turismo”, recentemente aprovado (maio de 2025). Dado o seu caráter mediático e o efeito dinamizador que encerra para o sector, este programa foi captado como um desenvolvimento central para este estudo, por constituir um ponto de viragem na política nacional de turismo. A análise confronta a “visão global” das melhores práticas e modelos internacionais com a “prova local” intransigente dos desafios socioeconómicos, institucionais e políticos de Angola. Os eixos do “Simplifica Turismo” - como o “Alvará Único”, o fim da validade das licenças turísticas e a nova “licença ambiental única” - são dissecados, questionando a capacidade de supervisão ex-post, a sustentabilidade da qualidade, a complexidade da coordenação interministerial (que inclui a coordenação com o Banco Nacional de Angola para as licenças cambiais e a descentralização municipal) e o imperativo de transposição rápida e robustecida para o ordenamento jurídico. Apoiado por uma revisão sistemática da literatura (Scopus e Web of Science) sobre a reforma regulamentar e a governação do turismo, o artigo considera que o sucesso do “Simplifica Turismo” transcende a sua arquitetura formal, ancorada na sua adaptação eficaz aos desafios endémicos de Angola. Conclui-se que, sem um investimento correspondente no reforço institucional e numa cultura de governação transparente, as reformas mais visionárias correm o risco de não atingir o seu potencial, o que aumenta o fosso entre as intenções políticas e a realidade operacional.
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