Gestión del turismo en Angola: entre una “visión global” y una “experiencia local”
Palabras clave:
Turismo, Angola, Reforma Administrativa, Simplifica Turismo, Governação, Política PúblicaResumen
Este artículo, fruto de una investigación más amplia sobre la gestión turística en Angola (iniciada en diciembre de 2024) y próxima a su finalización, se adaptó oportunamente para incorporar un análisis del programa “Simplifica Turismo”, aprobado recientemente (mayo de 2025). Dada su visibilidad mediática y su impacto dinámico en el sector, este programa se identificó como un avance clave para este estudio, ya que constituye un punto de inflexión en la política turística nacional. El análisis contrasta la visión global de las mejores prácticas y modelos internacionales con la contundente evidencia local de los desafíos socioeconómicos, institucionales y políticos de Angola. Se analizan los pilares del programa “Simplifica Turismo”, como la “Licencia Única”, el fin de la validez de las licencias turísticas y la nueva “licencia ambiental única”, cuestionando la capacidad de supervisión ex post, la sostenibilidad de la calidad, la complejidad de la coordinación interministerial (que incluye la coordinación con el Banco Nacional de Angola para las licencias cambiarias y la descentralización municipal) y la necesidad de una transposición rápida y sólida al marco legal. Con el apoyo de una revisión sistemática de la literatura (Scopus y Web of Science) sobre reforma regulatoria y gobernanza turística, el artículo considera que el éxito de “Simplifica Turismo” trasciende su arquitectura formal, anclado en su adaptación efectiva a los desafíos endémicos de Angola. Concluye que, sin una inversión correspondiente en el fortalecimiento institucional y una cultura de gobernanza transparente, las reformas más visionarias corren el riesgo de no alcanzar su potencial, lo que amplía la brecha entre las intenciones políticas y la realidad operativa.
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