Challenge of Youth Employability in the Agribusiness Sector in the City of Beira

Abstract

Youth unemployment is a socioeconomic challenge in Mozambique, especially in urban areas such as Beira, where the demand for formal employment exceeds the market’s capacity. Although agribusiness is strategic for food security, income generation, and self-employment along the value chain, less than 20% of urban youth participate in the sector, a situation exacerbated by recent changes including the effects of COVID-19. This study aimed to identify the challenges that affect the integration and retention of young people in agribusiness in the City of Beira between 2021–2024. The study adopted a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory approach, using purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews with 30 young people (aged 18–35): 15 involved in production, marketing, and processing activities, and 15 not involved (mainly unemployed). The data were analyzed using content analysis. The results show that agribusiness is seen as a viable opportunity, but limited access to land, financing constraints (requirement for collateral), lack of technical training, and difficulty accessing markets and value chains hinder entry into the sector. Retention is further compromised by low earnings, high production costs, price instability, and climate vulnerability. Additionally, sociocultural factors such as the low prestige associated with agriculture, family influence, and the preference for formal urban jobs reduce young people’s interest and motivation. Agribusiness can play a strategic role in reducing youth unemployment in Beira, provided that public policies and integrated initiatives are implemented.