La inteligencia artificial en enfermería: impacto en la calidad de la atención y la eficiencia hospitalaria
Palabras clave:
Inteligencia artificial; Enfermería; Calidad asistencial; Eficiencia hospitalariaResumen
La inteligencia artificial (IA) está adquiriendo un papel cada vez más importante en los sistemas sanitarios, lo que influye directamente en la práctica de la enfermería. El presente estudio analiza críticamente el impacto de la IA en la calidad de la atención y en la eficiencia hospitalaria, mediante una revisión narrativa de la literatura reciente (2015-2025). Los resultados demuestran que la IA contribuye a mejorar la toma de decisiones clínicas, a reducir los errores y a optimizar los procesos asistenciales. Sin embargo, los autores discrepan en cuanto al grado de autonomía de estas tecnologías y a los riesgos asociados, especialmente en términos éticos y de dependencia tecnológica. Se concluye que la integración de la IA debe ser progresiva y centrada en el apoyo al profesional, siendo esencial reforzar la formación de los enfermeros y garantizar una implementación regulada y ética.
Descargas
Citas
Bodur, G., & Tasci, S. (2025). Artificial intelligence in nursing practice: A qualitative study of nurses experiences and perceptions. BMC Nursing, 24, Article 237. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03775-6
Bohr, A., & Memarzadeh, K. (2020). Artificial intelligence in healthcare. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818438-7.00002-2
Davenport, T., & Kalakota, R. (2019). The potential for artificial intelligence in healthcare. Future Healthcare Journal, 6(2), 94–98. https://doi.org/10.7861/futurehosp.6-2-94
Edelson, D. P., Carey, K. A., & Churpek, M. M. (2024). Early warning scores with and without artificial intelligence: A comparative performance study. JAMA Network Open, 7(10), Article e2434885. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.34885
Hassanein, S., et al. (2025). Artificial intelligence in nursing: An integrative review of clinical and operational impacts. Frontiers in Digital Health, 7, 1552372. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1552372
Jiang, F., Jiang, Y., Zhi, H., Dong, Y., Li, H., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Dong, Q., Shen, H., & Wang, Y. (2017). Artificial intelligence in healthcare: Past, present and future. Stroke and Vascular Neurology, 2(4), 230–243. https://doi.org/10.1136/svn-2017-000101
Joo, J. Y., Liu, M. F., & Ho, M.-H. (2025). Nurses’ perceptions of artificial intelligence adoption in healthcare: A qualitative systematic review. Nurse Education in Practice, 88, Article 104542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2025.104542
Kelly, C. J., Karthikesalingam, A., Suleyman, M., Corrado, G., & King, D. (2019). Key challenges for delivering clinical impact with artificial intelligence. BMC Medicine, 17, Article 195. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1426-2
Norori, N., Hu, Q., Aellen, F. M., Faraci, F. D., & Tzovara, A. (2021). Addressing bias in big data and AI for health care: A call for open science. Patterns, 2(10), Article 100347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2021.100347
Reddy, S., Allan, S., Coghlan, S., & Cooper, P. (2020). A governance model for the application of AI in health care. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 27(3), 491–497. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz192
Ronquillo, C. E., Peltonen, L.-M., Pruinelli, L., Chu, C. H., Bakken, S., Beduschi, A., Cato, K., Hardiker, N., Jun, J., & Lee, Y. (2021). Artificial intelligence in nursing: Priorities and opportunities from an international invitational think-tank of the Nursing and Artificial Intelligence Leadership Collaborative. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 77(9), 3707–3717. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14855
Rossetti, S. C., Dykes, P. C., Knaplund, C., Withall, J. B., Cho, S., Lowenthal, G., ... & Lee, R. Y. (2025). Real-time surveillance system for patient deterioration: A pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial. Nature Medicine. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-03609-7
Topol, E. J. (2019). Deep medicine: How artificial intelligence can make healthcare human again. Basic Books.
Ventura-Silva, J., et al. (2024). Artificial intelligence in the organization of nursing care: A scoping review. Nursing Reports, 14(4), 2733–2745. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040202
World Health Organization. (2021). Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health: WHO guidance. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240029200
Yu, K.-H., Beam, A. L., & Kohane, I. S. (2018). Artificial intelligence in healthcare. Nature Biomedical Engineering, 2(10), 719–731. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-018-0305-z
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Sandra Costa, Cristina Pinto, Diana Rodrigues , Claúdia Simão
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Os autores mantêm os direitos de autor sobre os seus trabalhos e concedem à Revista Científica ALBA o direito de primeira publicação. Os artigos são publicados sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), que permite partilhar e adaptar o material para qualquer finalidade, inclusive comercial, desde que seja atribuída a devida autoria, indicada a fonte original, fornecida uma ligação para a licença e assinaladas eventuais alterações
